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 reference

This page last updated: January 4, 2015

  This page has a bibliography, denominations, reckonings, grading equivalents, Swedish/English translations, a list of monarchs, major events and a coinage timeline that may be useful in the study of Swedish coppers.

 

Bibliography

Some texts I have found useful in my Swedish copper collecting endeavors.

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Denominations and Reckonings

A listing of denominations and conversions that are encountered in Swedish coinage.

Copper denominations:

Öre: 1/4 (Fyrk), 1/2, 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50

Öre K. M. (Koppar Mynt) : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3

Öre S. M. (Silver Mynt) : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 6

Skilling: 1/12, : 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 1

Skilling Banco: 1/6, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1, 2, 4

Daler (emergency Money)

Silver Denominations:

Gyllen

Öre: 4, 5, 8, 10, 16

Mark: 1, 2, 4, 8

Caroliner (= 2 Mark): 2, 4

Riksdaler : 1/32, 1/24, 1/16, 1/12, 1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1

Riksdaler Riksmynt: 1, 2

Riksdaler Specie (= 4 Riksdaler Riksmynt): 1

Daler S.M.: 1/2, 1, 2, 4 and countermarked to ¾, 1 ½ , 3 for plate money Krona (pl. Kronor): 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200

Current: Öre and Kronor

Reckonings - A system used to identify the numerous relationships between the denominations.

Early: 1 Mark = 8 Ore = 24 ortugar = 64 penningar

1604 -1776: 1 Daler = 4 Mark = 32 Ore S.M. = 96 Ore K.M. Ratio of S.M. (silver money) to K.M. (copper money) varied in this period. 1 Riksdaler = 3 Daler = 288 Ore K.M. (added 1748?)

1776-1855: 1 Riksdaler = 48 Skilling

1855-1873:1 Riksdaler Specie= 4 Riksdaler Riksmynt = 400 Ore

1873-?: 1 Krona (pl. Kroner) = 100 Ore ($1 = 6.5 SEK on 12/2013)

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Grading Equivalents

The Swedes use the 0-2 grading scale. Here it is with it's equivalents.

0 = Unc.

01 = EF

1+ = VF

1 = F

1? = VG

2 = Poor

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Translations

Swedish	English
aktuella	current
ange	enter
ansvarar	responsible
att	to
avslutad	ended
åndrad	amended?
årtal	year
årtalsforteckning	year list
åtsidan	reverse (back side)
äkta	genuine
även	even
banköverföring	bank transfer
båg	arc, curved
begravning	funeral
belönings medaille	reward medal
belöningsmedaljer	reward medal
bernadotteska	Bernadotte
besittningar	possessions
besittningarnes	possession of Arnes?
beskrifning	description
beskrivningen	description
betingar	command
bilder	images
boken	book, manual, guide, paper
bokforlaget	the publishing house
bra skick	good condition
bred	wide
brett	broad
dess	its
du har vunnit budgivningen	you have won the bidding
ej vunnen	not won
en auktion på din minneslista är snart slut	an auction on your checklist is coming to an end
exemplar	specimen
falsk	false
ficklexikon	pocket dictionary
finns	see
flink o färdig	agile and ready
fullt	fully
för	of
förminskade	reduced
forteckning	list
fran	from
frånsidan	obverse
guld	gold
hack	notch, e.g. A dig (also peck)
hammarpräglade	hammer struck
handbok	handbook
hjälpa	help
hjärter	hearts
hoppet	hope
huvud	head
jamte	plus
jordglob	globe
kalender	calender
kant	edge
kantex	clipped edge
kantrand	edge milling
klubbade	clubbed
krans	wreath
kröning	coronation
kronan	crown
kronbotten	crown bottom (base)
konstnär	artist
kontant	cash
kopia	copy
köper	buyer
koppar	copper
korrekt	correct
kort	short
kortast tid kvar	shortest time left
landtgrefven	land grave
lejon	lion
litet	small
ljus	light
lägga	add
lägg i minneslista	add to saved list
låg	low
lång	long
med	with
mellan	between
metall	metal
minneslista	checklist
minnespenningar	remembrance money
mycket hög kvalité	very high quality
mynt	coins
myntsamlandet	coin collecting
mörk	dark
ned	down
objektet	item
och	and
offentliga	public
ort	place
över	over
ovanligt	unusual
på	on
passa	fit, adjust, adapt, suit, wait for, mind, look after, attend to, be ready
passa på att lägga bud	attend to the opportunity to add to bid
plants.	planchets
praktmynt	magnificent coin
präglingsglans	mint sheen
priser	prices
proglade	forecast, program
publica fide (latin)	faith in the state
punkt	point
rakt	straight
räfflad	ribbed, milled
rengjord	cleaned
rutad	square, lozenged
ruter	diamonds
sällsynt	rare
säljer	sell
säljarens	seller
saknar	missing
samlar	collecting
samling	collection
senast inlagda	last additions
silfver	silver
slät	smooth
smal	slim
smalt	narrow
små	small
sned	oblique
stämprna	the stamps
stort	large
svärd	sword
Svenska Numismatiska Föreningen	Swdish Numismatic Society
Sverige	Sweden
svenska konungahusets	Swedish Royal House
synligt	visible
tät	dense
tillverkare	manufacturers
tjock	thick
trasigt	broken
upplaga	number made (mintage)
utan	without
utgivare	publisher
utlandska	foreign
valpräglade	well struck
valsverkspräglade	roller-mill struck
voluter	? scroll work, as on a shield
värderar	value
värderingspriser	valuation prices
variantbeskrivning	variant description
visa hela minneslistan	view the complete the checklist
visar objekt sorterat på sluttid	displays items sorted in the end time
wett o wapen	reason and arms

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Monarchs

Gustav II Adolf (1611-1632)

Christina (1632-1654)

Karl X Gustav (1654-1660)

Karl XI (1660-1697)

Karl XII (1697-1718)

Ulrika Eleonora (1718-1720)

Frederick I (1720-1751)

Adolf Fredrik (1751-1771)

Gustav III (1771-1792)

Gustav IV Adolph (1792-1809)

Karl XIII (1809-1818)

Karl XIV Johan (1818-1844)

Oscar I (1844-1859)

Karl XV (1859-1872)

Oscar II (1872-1907)

Gustav V (1907-1950)

Gustav VI Adolf (1950-1973)

Carl XVI Gustaf (1973-?)

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Major Events

Thirty Years' War (1618-1648)

New Sweden Colony (1638-1654)

Treaty of Roskilde (1658)

Scanian War (1674-1679)

Great Northern War (1700-1721)

Plague and Frost (1708-1712)

Treaty of Nystad (1721)

Age of Liberty (1719-1772)

Russo-Swedish War (1741-1743)

Pomeranian War (1757-1762)

Coup of Gustav III (1772)

United Kingdom of Sweden and Norway (1815-1905)

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Coinage Timeline

~ 825 A.D. – Earliest coinage introduced due to Viking Age

~ 1000 A.D. – Pennies in the names of Scandinavian kings

12th century – Development of bracteates

~1521 – Introduction of silver coins by Gustav Vasa marked the end of medieval Scandinavian coinage

1624 – Introduction of copper coins

1644 – 1776 – Plate money used until Coinage Act of Nov. 27, 1776

1715 – Emergency money issued

1799 – Redenomination from Ore to Skilling

1832 – First use of collars in minting process

1855 – Return to Ore

1873 – 1 Krona = 100 Ore

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